Falcon离心分选机回收废弃电路板金属的灰色模型研究

电子废弃物的资源化既能实现资源的二次利用,又能防止环境污染,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。论述了Falcon离心分选机分选电路板的机制,并对小于0.5mm废弃电路板中金属富集体进行了分选试验。运用GM(0,N)模型对离心复合力场中回收废弃电路板建立了分选灰色模型,与实际分选结果比较表明,该模型精度很高。该模型可以对离心复合力场中回收废弃电路板金属的分选试验结果进行预测。     

水解酸化-A~2O污泥减量工艺的运行性能研究

生物处理单元采用水解酸化、多级串联接触曝气、连续流的除磷脱氮A2/O工艺,并辅以外排厌氧富磷污水侧流除磷,开发了一个新型的具有强化除磷脱氮功能的污泥减量HA-A/A-MCO工艺。用该工艺处理校园生活污水发现,在SRT60 d、进水COD 316~407 mg/L、NH4+-N30~40 mg/L、TN35~53 mg/L、TP 8~12 mg/L的条件下,出水COD≤18 mg/L、NH4+-N≤2.1 mg/L、TN≤10.3 mg/L、TP≤0.44 mg/L。研究还发现,水解酸化池处理产生的VFA能有效促进生物除磷脱氮,导致厌氧释磷量达57 mg/L,进入化学除磷池的侧流液量仅相当于进水量的13%;系统最主要的脱氮形式是SND和缺氧反硝化,SND脱氮占脱氮总量的50%,缺氧反硝化占26%;HA-A/A-MCO系统有效实现了生物相分离,并利用生物捕食作用获得较低的污泥产率,0.1 g MLSS/g COD。     

CuO/γ-Al_2O_3负载型催化剂催化燃烧处理油烟

采用等体积漫渍法制备不同CuO负载量的CuO/γ-Al2O3负载型催化剂,用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜对该催化剂负载层活性组分的表面形态、晶相结构和颗粒大小进行表征,考察了该催化荆催化燃烧处理油烟的催化活性(以油烟净化效率表征).结果显示,催化活性随CuO负载量的增加.反应温度的升高而提高,但随烟气流量的增大而降低;在CuO负载量为20%(质量分数)、反应温度为350℃.烟气流量为5 L/min的最佳实验条件下,CuO/γ-Al2O3负载型催化剂的油烟净化效率最高.可达88.6%.该催化剂对油烟的催化燃烧具有较高的催化活性.     

Controls on coarse wood decay in temperate tree species: birth of the LOGLIFE experiment

Dead wood provides a huge terrestrial carbon stock and a habitat to wide-ranging organisms during its decay. Our brief review highlights that, in order to understand environmental change impacts on these functions, we need to quantify the contributions of different interacting biotic and abiotic drivers to wood decomposition. LOGLIFE is a new long-term 'common-garden' experiment to disentangle the effects of species' wood traits and site-related environmental drivers on wood decomposition dynamics and its associated diversity of microbial and invertebrate communities. This experiment is firmly rooted in pioneering experiments under the directorship of Terry Callaghan at Abisko Research Station, Sweden. LOGLIFE features two contrasting forest sites in the Netherlands, each hosting a similar set of coarse logs and branches of 10 tree species. LOGLIFE welcomes other researchers to test further questions concerning coarse wood decay that will also help to optimise forest management in view of carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation.     

Controls on Coarse Wood Decay in Temperate Tree Species: Birth of the LOGLIFE Experiment

Dead wood provides a huge terrestrial carbon stock and a habitat to wide-ranging organisms during its decay. Our brief review highlights that, in order to understand environmental change impacts on these functions, we need to quantify the contributions of different interacting biotic and abiotic drivers to wood decomposition. LOGLIFE is a new long-term ‘common-garden’ experiment to disentangle the effects of species’ wood traits and site-related environmental drivers on wood decomposition dynamics and its associated diversity of microbial and invertebrate communities. This experiment is firmly rooted in pioneering experiments under the directorship of Terry Callaghan at Abisko Research Station, Sweden. LOGLIFE features two contrasting forest sites in the Netherlands, each hosting a similar set of coarse logs and branches of 10 tree species. LOGLIFE welcomes other researchers to test further questions concerning coarse wood decay that will also help to optimise forest management in view of carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation.     

Synthesis of tributyl citrate using acid ionic liquid as catalyst

Synthesis of tributyl citrate (TBC) has been studied by using acid functionalized ionic liquid as catalyst. The results indicated that acidic ionic liquids show good catalytic and reusable performance. Under the optimum conditions, using 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate as catalyst, the conversion of citric acid was 97%. After easily separated from the products the ionic liquid could be reused 13 times without any disposal, and the conversion of citric acid was not less than 93%. Therefore, an environmental friendly approach for the synthesis of tributyl citrate is provided.     

牛粪自然好氧发酵微生物变化规律

以新鲜牛粪进行好氧堆肥,每间隔3d取样,以牛肉蛋白胨、高氏一号、PDA、豆芽汁为培养基,以稀释法,进行发酵微生物分离、培养、计数和鉴定.结果表明,新鲜牛粪中微生物主要为细菌；发酵过程中,细菌数量大于放线菌、霉菌约104～ 105倍,细菌是发酵过程中的优势微生物；中温性细菌是升温阶段主要作用菌群；嗜热放线菌及嗜热细菌是高温阶段优势菌群；霉菌是降温阶段优势菌群.进一步鉴定表明,细菌类群中的芽孢杆菌、纤维单胞菌,放线菌类群中的小多孢菌、小单孢菌、高温放线菌,霉菌类群中的木霉、曲霉、青霉等为发酵过程中的优势种类.酵母菌未参与发酵过程.     

济南城市防洪现状及对策分析

2007年7月18日突然袭击的特大暴雨洪水,给济南市带来特大灾害.分析了造成济南"7.18"洪水的一些原因,论述了目前济南城市防洪的现状,提出了可能采取的应对济南城市防洪问题的一些对策,包括工程及非工程方面的措施.     

降解SO_2功能菌的16S rRAN基因测序及降解特性

用低浓度SO2诱导驯化方法获得高效脱硫菌群,并用分离培养与16S rRNA基因测序技术相结合的方法鉴定菌群种属,分析驯化过程中种群结构的动态变化,同时研究分离纯菌种的脱硫性能。结果表明,从诱导驯化7 d和14 d菌液中分别分离出23株菌和22株菌,16S rRNA序列分析发现这些菌归属于13个种,其中有6个种（Rhodococcus erythropolis、Pseudomonas putida、Microbacterium oxydans、Sphingomonas koreensis、Acinetobacter junii、Acinetobacter johnsonii）对SO2-3有较强的降解能力,并在持续驯化过程中稳定的生长传代,降解产物以硫酸根为主,还有极少量的单质硫。与含混合菌的驯化菌液降解SO2-3的能力相比,单一脱硫菌的脱硫性能较弱。脱硫功能菌株及其基本特性的研究为微生物处理SO2烟气提供了丰富的菌源信息和理论基础。     

基于突变理论的太湖富营养化程度判别

基于太湖夏季9个水功能分区的水质监测结果,综合考虑生物因子(叶绿素a浓度)、营养盐因子(总氮、总磷)、理化因子(水体透明度、高锰酸盐指数)作为评价指标,运用印第安人茅舍型突变模型对太湖的富营养化程度进行定量判别和分析。结果表明:太湖营养化程度时空分布不均。6月份,竺山湖的综合突变隶属度值为0.363;7月份,五里湖、梅梁湖、竺山湖及西部沿岸区的综合突变隶属度值分别为0.328、0.371、0.344及0.337;8月份,梅梁湖和西部沿岸区的综合突变隶属度值分别为0.373和0.362。因此太湖西部、北部的富营养化程度较高,处于中度富营养化状态。